Pei's glass pyramid in 1989. [89][119] The department opened on 5 August 1797, with 415 pieces displayed in the Galerie d'Apollon. The republic of Azerbaijan, the Emir of Kuwait, the Sultan of Oman and King Mohammed VI of Morocco donated in total €26 million. Nearly two-thirds are by French artists, and more than 1,200 are Northern European. The works include Andrea Mantegna and Giovanni Bellini's Calvarys, which reflect realism and detail "meant to depict the significant events of a greater spiritual world". The archaic is demonstrated by jewellery and pieces such as the limestone Lady of Auxerre, from 640 BC; and the cylindrical Hera of Samos, c. 570–560 BC. [113] The High Renaissance collection includes Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, Virgin and Child with St. Anne, St. John the Baptist, and Madonna of the Rocks. A full 11 of the fewer than 20 paintings that Da Vinci completed in his lifetime were displayed. André-Charles Boulle (1642–1732[19]) is the most famous French cabinetmaker and the preeminent artist in the field of marquetry,[20][21] also known as "Inlay". The 17th and 18th centuries are represented by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's 1640–1 Bust of Cardinal Richelieu, Étienne Maurice Falconet's Woman Bathing and Amour menaçant, and François Anguier's obelisks. [88][92] This section also contains rare objects from Persepolis which were also lent to the British Museum for its Ancient Persia exhibition in 2005. © 2005-2011 Musée du Louvre - Tous droits de reproduction réservés, Parcours de visite : à consulter ou à imprimer avant votre visite, Documentation - Section histoire du Louvre -, Politique de protection des données personnelles. [14] Francis acquired what would become the nucleus of the Louvre's holdings, his acquisitions including Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The museum lies in the center of Paris on the Right Bank, in the 1st arrondissement. 50, 60, 69", "Le Louvre se dit "satisfait" de la restitution des fresques égyptiennes Culture", "Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia", "Saudi Arabia's Princess Lamia opens new and improved Islamic art space at Louvre in Paris", "Galerie de tableaux en très haute définition", Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour, Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II, Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus, Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas, The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music, The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences, The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons, Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe, Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa, Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword, Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII, Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie, Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil, Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian, Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman, A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts, Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page, The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena, Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist, Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse, Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria, Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine, Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola, Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene, The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family, Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit, Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce, The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents, Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes, Street Scene near the El 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[118] The origins of the collection were the 8,600 works in the Royal Collection (Cabinet du Roi), which were increased via state appropriation, purchases such as the 1,200 works from Fillipo Baldinucci's collection in 1806, and donations. [62], The Louvre is owned by the French government; however, since the 1990s it has become more independent. [citation needed], According to Serge Klarsfeld, since the now complete and constant publicity which the artworks got in 1996, the majority of the French Jewish community is nevertheless in favour of the return to the normal French civil rule of prescription acquisitive of any unclaimed good after another long period of time and consequently to their ultimate integration into the common French heritage instead of their transfer to foreign institutions like during World War II. 18 février 2009 [49], During the Third Republic (1870–1940) the Louvre acquired new pieces mainly via donations and gifts. The bequest included Antoine Watteau's Commedia dell'arte player of Pierrot ("Gilles"). Oeuvres à la loupe. The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as the Louvre castle in the late 12th to 13th century under Philip II. The government pays for operating costs (salaries, safety and maintenance), while the rest – new wings, refurbishments, acquisitions – is up to the museum to finance. The Louvre is slightly askew of the Historic Axis (Axe historique), a roughly eight-kilometre (five-mile) architectural line bisecting the city. The New Kingdom and Coptic Egyptian sections are deep, but the statue of the goddess Nephthys and the limestone depiction of the goddess Hathor demonstrate New Kingdom sentiment and wealth. Some 10% to 35% of the pieces are believed to come from Jewish spoliations[83] and until the identification of their rightful owners, which declined at the end of the 1960s, they are registered indefinitely on separate inventories from the museum's collections. [52] On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. Internet Archive BookReader Histoire du Louvre : Le château, le palais, le musée, des origines à nos jours, 1200-1928 But after the war, 61,233 articles of more than 150,000 seized artworks returned to France and were assigned to the Louvre's Office des Biens Privés. La protection à l’ouest de la cité est renforcée par une forteresse, le Louvre. [30], Under Napoleon I, a northern wing paralleling the Grande Galerie was begun, and the collection grew through successful military campaigns. In 1997, Prime Minister Alain Juppé initiated the Mattéoli Commission, headed by Jean Mattéoli, to investigate the matter and according to the government, the Louvre is in charge of 678 pieces of artwork still unclaimed by their rightful owners. [35] One of the most famous pieces taken under this program was the Horses of Saint Mark. C est aussi le palais des rois de France. Abonnez-vous à notre chaîne YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/user/louvreLe Louvre vu par Nota Bene lors d'un jour de fermeture. The Société des amis du Louvre (established in 1897) donated the Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, and in 1863 an expedition uncovered the sculpture Winged Victory of Samothrace in the Aegean Sea. [22] Boulle was "the most remarkable of all French cabinetmakers". In May 1791, the Assembly declared that the Louvre would be "a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts". Le grand palais qui accueille le musée et dont l’origine remonte à la fin du 12e siècle est une véritable leçon d’architecture : de 1200 à 2011, les architectes les plus novateurs se sont succédé pour bâtir et amplifier le Louvre. A 30-year agreement, signed by French Culture Minister Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres and Sheik Sultan bin Tahnoon Al Nahyan, established the museum on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi in exchange for €832,000,000 (US$1.3 billion). [1] The Louvre exhibits sculptures, objets d'art, paintings, drawings, and archaeological finds. The Louvre's administrators were loath to comply and hid many works in their private collections. [100][101] In 1986, all post-1850 works were relocated to the new Musée d'Orsay. The department is divided into three geographic areas: the Levant, Mesopotamia (Iraq), and Persia (Iran). [31] The Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun as a fortress by Philip II (more commonly known as 'Philippe-Auguste') in the 12th century to protect the city from English soldiers who were in Normandy. Since November 1996, the partly illustrated catalogue of 1947–1949 has been accessible online and completed. L’histoire du Louvre commence au Moyen Âge, sous le règne de Philippe Auguste (1165-1223). [103][104], The works are displayed on the Richelieu Wing's first floor and in the Apollo Gallery, named by the painter Charles Le Brun, who was commissioned by Louis XIV (the Sun King) to decorate the space in a solar theme. The onset of Romanticism rekindled interest in Renaissance and Medieval artwork, and the Sauvageot donation expanded the department with 1,500 middle-age and faïence works. In 1949, it entrusted 2,130 unclaimed pieces (including 1,001 paintings) to the Direction des Musées de France in order to keep them under appropriate conditions of conservation until their restitution and meanwhile classified them as MNRs (Musées Nationaux Recuperation or, in English, the National Museums of Recovered Artwork). Expositions passées. Change language, Accueil>Œuvres & Palais>Histoire du Louvre. Laborde developed the medieval section and purchased the first such statues and sculptures in the collection, King Childebert and stanga door, respectively. [25] Under Louis XVI, the royal museum idea became policy. Histoire du Louvre, l'un des musées les plus célèbres au monde. Les douves de c… Jardins du Carrousel et des Tuileries. Holdings include art, papyrus scrolls, mummies, tools, clothing, jewelry, games, musical instruments, and weapons. [25] In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the Treaty of Tolentino (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as Laocoön and His Sons and the Apollo Belvedere, to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty". Cette volonté d'agrandir le Louvre et de le relier aux Tuileries prend le nom de Grand Dessein. Japanese architects SANAA were selected to design the Lens project in 2005. [87][88] Pieces from the ancient period include the Gebel el-Arak Knife from 3400 BC, The Seated Scribe, and the Head of King Djedefre. Several churches and palaces, including Saint Mark's Basilica, were looted by the French, which outraged the Italians and their artistic and cultural sensibilities. [64], In 2012, the Louvre and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco announced a five-year collaboration on exhibitions, publications, art conservation and educational programming. Before the fire of 1720 destroyed them, André-Charles Boulle held priceless works of art in the Louvre, including forty-eight drawings by Raphael. In 2013, his successor Aurélie Filippetti announced that the Louvre would move more than 250,000 works of art[81] held in a 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft) basement storage area in Liévin; the cost of the project, estimated at €60 million, will be split between the region (49%) and the Louvre (51%). Cette zone géographique devint rapidement une capitale dès l'Antiquité. [7] The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. [61], On 5 February 2015, about one hundred archaeologists, protesting against commercial private involvement to protect France's heritage, blocked Louvre's ticket desks to facilitate free access to the museum. Si vous n’arrivez pas à lire les médias, téléchargez Flash Player. Crypte du sphinx (Sully, entresol, salle 1 renumérotée → 338). [79] Following its time in Tehran, the exhibition is set to be held in the Khorasan Grand Museum in Mashhad, northeastern Iran in June 2018. The Italian paintings compose most of the remnants of Francis I and Louis XIV's collections, others are unreturned artwork from the Napoleon era, and some were bought. From 1951 to 1965, about 37 pieces were restituted. Five of them are owned by the Louvre, but the Mona Lisa was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the Louvre museum; the work remained on display in its gallery. In addition, the opening of the Louvre Abu Dhabi is supposed to provide €400 million over the course of 30 years for its use of the museum's brand. [94] The Roman portraiture is representative of that genre; examples include the portraits of Agrippa and Annius Verus; among the bronzes is the Greek Apollo of Piombino. "Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle", "Online Extra: Q&A with the Louvre's Henri Loyrette", The Louvre's New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light, "Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts", "Free entry at Louvre due to angry archaeologists", Banks compete to manage Louvre's endowment, "The Business of Art: Welcome to The Louvre Inc", Un archéologue prend la direction du Louvre, Louvre and Sll Francisco museums sign five-year deal, "Leonardo da Vinci's Unexamined Life as a Painter", "Louvre exhibit has most da Vinci paintings ever assembled", "Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020", "The Louvre's Art: Priceless. Vestiges des fossés du Louvre (Sully, entresol, salle 5). This department is one of the museum's oldest; it began with appropriated royal art, some of which was acquired under Francis I. Nathalie NÈGRE (dir. The collection's development corresponds to archaeological work such as Paul-Émile Botta's 1843 expedition to Khorsabad and the discovery of Sargon II's palace. [41] As a result, he was later installed by Napoleon as the director of Musée Napoléon, formerly the Louvre, cementing the status of the museum as a center for global patrimony and storehouse for cultural heritage. The Louvre Abu Dhabi, designed by the French architect Jean Nouvel and the engineering firm of Buro Happold, occupy 24,000 square metres (260,000 sq ft) and is covered by an iconic metallic roof designed to cast rays of light mimicking sunlight passing through date palm fronds in an oasis. [55] In 1983, French President François Mitterrand proposed, as one of his Grands Projets, the Grand Louvre plan to renovate the building and relocate the Finance Ministry, allowing displays throughout the building. [87] After Jean-François Champollion translated the Rosetta Stone, Charles X decreed that an Egyptian Antiquities department be created. Le Musée du Louvre est l’un des musées les plus visités au monde et est le plus grand musée de la capitale française. [33] Following the Egyptian campaign of 1798–1801, Napoléon appointed the museum's first director, Dominique Vivant Denon. The Louvre has three entrances: the main entrance at the pyramid, an entrance from the Carrousel du Louvre underground shopping mall, and an entrance at the Porte des Lions (near the western end of the Denon wing). [11][12] In the 7th century, St. It was discovered in 1799, and eventually led to the ability to decipher ancient hieroglyphs. [51], Museum expansion slowed after World War I, and the collection did not acquire many significant new works; exceptions were Georges de La Tour's Saint Thomas and Baron Edmond de Rothschild's (1845–1934) 1935 donation of 4,000 prints, 3,000 drawings, and 500 illustrated books. Fare, an abbess in Meaux, left part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,[13] this territory probably did not correspond exactly to the modern site, however. Il se situe dans le 1er arrondissement de Paris, sur la rue de Rivoli et sur la rive droite de la Seine. [97] These exhibits, comprising ceramics, glass, metalware, wood, ivory, carpet, textiles, and miniatures, include more than 5,000 works and 1,000 shards. [88], The museum contains exhibits from Sumer and the city of Akkad, with monuments such as the Prince of Lagash's Stele of the Vultures from 2450 BC and the stele erected by Naram-Sin, King of Akkad, to celebrate a victory over barbarians in the Zagros Mountains. During the Restoration (1814–1830), Louis XVIII and Charles X between them added 135 pieces at a cost of 720,000 francs and created the department of Egyptian antiquities curated by Champollion, increased by more than 7,000 works with the acquisition of antiquities in the Edme-Antoine Durand, the Egyptian collection of Henry Salt or the second collection former by Bernardino Drovetti. 30, Serial Number 30, 7 September 2015, [EBook #49904]. En 1190, partant en croisade et craignant des invasions anglaises, le roi fait édifier une enceinte fortifiéeautour de Paris. The collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed Musée Napoléon, but after Napoleon's abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. [64] By 2006, government funds had dipped from 75 percent of the total budget to 62 percent. Allez au contenu
[63], The Louvre employs a staff of 2,000 led by Director Jean-Luc Martinez,[69] who reports to the French Ministry of Culture and Communications. Bref retour sur l historique du Louvre [107][108] The collection began with Francis, who acquired works from Italian masters such as Raphael and Michelangelo[109] and brought Leonardo da Vinci to his court. In 1871, the burning of the Tuileries Palace by the Paris Commune revealed that the Louvre was slightly askew of the Axe despite past appearances to the contrary. En 1793 le gouvernement révolutionnaire ouvre dans l'ancien palais royal du Louvre un musée qui deviendra l'un des plus grands du monde. Archive de l'émission "Des Racines et Des Ailes".Ce reportage a été diffusé sur France 3 le 27/04/11. The second phase of the Grand Louvre plan, the Pyramide Inversée (Inverted Pyramid), was completed in 1993. According to the authoritative Grand Larousse encyclopédique, the name derives from an association with wolf huntingden (via Latin: lupus, lower Emp… In the 19th century, the Louvre acquired works including vases from the Durand collection, bronzes such as the Borghese Vase from the Bibliothèque nationale.[89][94]. Mariette, after excavations at Memphis, sent back crates of archaeological finds including The Seated Scribe. Elle propose des histoires et des contes autour des oeuvres parmi les plus fascinantes du musée du Louvre, ainsi que des jeux de pistes pour visiter le Louvre et le jardin des Tuileries en s'amusant. The fire burned for forty-eight hours, entirely destroying the interior of the palace and spreading to the museum next to it. [36] In 1797, the Treaty of Tolentino was signed by Napoleon, and two statues, the Nile and Tiber, were taken to Paris. It was home to the former Tuileries Palace, which closed off the western end of the Louvre entrance courtyard, but was heavily damaged by fire during the Paris Commune of 1871 and later demolished.
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