Achille-Claude Debussy. Par ailleurs on remarque souvent une tendance à présenter deux fois à la suite certaines idées musicales. The Bicycle Thieves - Dissertation Sample, The Spirit of the Beehive - Dissertation Sample, The Only Real Motivator is Money - Dissertation Sample, Debussy (1903) Mercure de France : German Influence on French Music reproduced in Debussy on Music (Martin Secker and Warburg, London, 1977, no editor given) p83, Bertens, Hans (1995) The Idea of the Postmodern (Routledge, London), Griffiths, Paul (1994) Modern Music : A Concise History (revised edition) (Thames and Hudson, London), Trezise, Simon (1994) La Mer (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), Grout, Donald Jay and Palisca, Claude V. (1988) A History of Western Music 4th ed. Ragtime syncopation in ‘Golliwog’s Cake-walk’ is combined with chromaticism in imitation rather than to create harmonic ambiguity (chromaticism is found widely in Joplin’s music). An ambitious work, modern and original, "La Mer" by Claude Debussy received little recognition during the composer's lifetime. It is notable that parameters become blurred with Debussy: for example, the cross-rhythms at bar 126 – quavers, semiquavers and quintuplet demisemiquavers – create pointillistic, fluid instrumental texture rather than being strongly rhythmic, while the horn and bassoon triplets they accompany are a strong rhythmic motif. 5 0 obj Wagner, said Debussy, “was a beautiful sunset that has been mistaken for a sunrise.” Wagner’s chromaticism is the pinnacle of use of harmonic progression to create tension and resolution in a development of the Western classical tradition. 1904-05 Debussy compose un poème symphonique, La Mer, en 3 parties : De l’aube à midi sur la mer, Jeux de vagues, Dialogue du vent et de la mer. Debussy rejects this, using unprepared shifts of tonality. percussions : timbales, cymbales, triangle, grosse caisse, tam-tam, glockenspiel. It is the exploration of new harmonic languages that has characterised musical developments in the century since ‘La mer’ was completed, and Debussy can be considered of great influence in this respect. La Mer (Dialogue du vent et de la mer) de Claude Debussy : évocation de la mer par l'orchestre. Debussy began composing La Mer in 1904, in Burgundy, but as he wrote to fellow composer André Messager, his memories of the sea were “worth more than a reality whose charm generally weighs tooheavily on the imagination”. La mer, trois esquisses symphoniques pour orchestre (La mar, tres esbossos simfònics per a orquestra), o simplement La Mer (i.e. bar 43 – suggesting a substructure of shorter tableaus within the sections, particularly within the first section. Phdify saved me from a total disaster, and now I have my PhD. : 6e symphonie de Beethoven) L'évocation de l'amour (Ex. Loin de ses pérégrinations exotiques en Orient et en Andalousie, Debussy revient avec Jardins sou… ‘Jeux’ (1912) uses some of the language of ‘La mer’: it opens with a B pedal note, with wind whole-tone chords creating tonal ambiguity, although much of the work draws on diatonicism and chromaticism. Again there are tonal ambiguities, particularly through chromaticism. Je suis né. %�쏢 Le portrait de Claude Debussy Je m'appelle. Much of the harmony in ‘La mer’ is based on exotic scales such as whole-tone (bar 115) and pentatonicism (bar 31). (a) To what extent can ‘La mer’ be regarded as definitive of Debussy’s style? The topic of my dissertation seemed easy but only at first glance - I couldn't sleep well any more. No. ‘La mer’ takes considerable steps to develop the harmonic innovations of these previous works, with cadences rejected in favour of exotic scales and unprepared tonal juxtapositions. Harmony is diatonic and many phrases progress to resolution through a perfect cadence (e.g. In order to examine Debussy’s musical techniques in more detail, let us focus on the first movement of ‘La mer.’ Entitled ‘De l’aube à midi sur la mer’ (‘From dawn to midday on the sea’), like much of the work, it creates a sense of frequently shifting tableaus as new motifs, themes and tonalities enter and exit, almost like a series of ‘waves’. The key signature of much of the first movement is also D flat, although it is used in the context of frequently ambiguous harmonies, often using modes and exotic scales. The lower clarinet part of the opening phrase moves chromatically, casting doubt on the home key of B minor implied by the key signature and upper clarinet part. Un découpage en quatre parties vous est proposé ci … Debussy deploys harmony so that it cannot function in the same way: with ‘tension’ replaced with an alternative ‘tension’ rather than resolved, the tension-resolution dichotomy of Western harmony ceases to exist, and the role of harmony is inevitably transformed. In Debussy’s early works, approach to harmony is more conventional. But the author Jean Barraqué (in “La Mer de Debussy,” Analyse musicale 12/3, June 1988,) describes La Mer as the first work to have an “open” form – a devenir sonore or “sonorous becoming… a developmental process in which the very notions of exposition and development coexist in an uninterrupted burst.” 1905-10-15 in Paris, Concerts Lamoureux Griffiths, referring the opening flute phrase of ‘Prélude’, says “If modern music may be said to have had a definite beginning, then it started with this flute melody.”. Debussy, Claude: Opus/Catalogue Number Op./Cat. ;1���OH-����V�
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��;���� �sFE� �1z/�8��|��? The final key signature and chord of the third movement are D flat major. VV. Instead of a conventional recapitulation, the opening flute passage provides motifs that Debussy refers to again later in the piece, but always with some kind of transformation. the final return to E major 8 bars before the end). Une exécution « standard » demande environ 25 minutes. It demonstrates a number of compositional techniques which are key to Debussy’s very individual style. The opening flute motif is of indefinite key, moving chromatically and based around a tritone. Beyond ‘La mer’, Debussy continues to explore his new harmonic language. In the words of Habermas, “Modernity revolts against the normalising functions of tradition.”. La mar), és una composició musical per a orquestra del compositor francès Claude Debussy.Va iniciar-ne la composició l'any 1903 a França i la va concloure l'any 1905 a la costa d'Eastbourne, front al Canal de la Mànega. In ‘Children’s Corner’ (1906-8) his language is more varied: the first piece, ‘Dr Gradus ad Parnassam’ is strongly diatonic, while the second, ‘Jimbo’s Lullaby’ uses a whole-tone scale (bar 39), added notes to an ambiguous F major/B major pattern in bar 19 supporting a pentatonic melody. In the first of ‘Deux Arabesques’ for piano solo (1888), the opening arpeggio ‘ripples’ culminate in dominant preparation at bar 5 to resolve onto E major at bar 6. With elements from the first movement reappearing in the last, the work is unified, therefore suggesting the influence of the symphony. Estampes est une œuvre pour piano composée par Claude Debussy en 1903. The exposition-development-recapitulation structure is used in the loosest sense. Dialogue du Vent et de la Mer Most friends of mine encountered the same difficulties. There is extensive use of harp which emphasises the delicacy and lightness of much of the orchestral texture. If, however, the movement is analysed by its key signatures, 4 sections are evident: bars 1-30 (2 sharps) act as an introduction bars 31-83 (5 flats) are a first section ba… Also The repetition of the theme from bar 9 at bar 112 helps to unify the movement (this is the same theme restated in the third movement). Je partage avec vous dans cet article des fiches pour l'écoute musicale en classe. Debussy’s own concept of his position within musical development is apparent in his attitude to the harmonic approach of Wagner, who was much admired by many of his contemporaries. Dissertation Consulting ServicesSince 2004. In an infamous conversation with a Professor at the Conservatoire, who asked the student Debussy what rule of harmony he was following, Debussy replied, “My pleasure.”. Debussy n’a que huit ans quand il découvre la mer pour la première fois. Tutti passages are rare, and strings are kept soft to allow the different timbres of the various winds to be used to their full advantage. L'oeuvre musicale du mois octobre 2009 Principe : Découvrir chaque mois une oeuvre musicale ou un instrument pour : − favoriser l'ouverture culturelle des élèves − soutenir une séquence de travail en éducation musicale − s'approprier des éléments du lexique en musique « La Mer » de Claude Debussy <> En 1870, avant que la guerre franco-prussienne n’agite la capitale, Victorine Debussyemmène ses enfants avec elle et se rend chez sa belle-sœur Clémentine, destination Cannes. bois : 1 piccolo, 2 flûtes, 2 hautbois, 1 cor anglais, 2 clarinettes, 3 bassons, 1 contrebasson. [PDF] + Video - Orchestra - Romantic * License : Public Domain - 3 movements : I. There is some homogeneity between movements 1 and 3, with the recurrence of a theme from the first movement appearing towards the end of the work (introduced by the cor anglais in bar 9 of the first movement, reiterated in variant form by the trumpet in bar 31 of the third movement). Everything you need to know about "La Mer" by Debussy. Mais par la suite, le musicien affiche un goût plus prononcé … Chaque fiche comprend des détails sur l'oeuvre, son compositeur, des anecdotes ou informations musicales et une partie où les élèves pourront inscrire leur avis et les éléments musicaux qu'ils auront identifier. So, I never hesitated to ask for a help and I've got a great experience at phdify.com! A Obra. There are also clear changes in key, texture and rhythm at other points – e.g. I was stressed and I felt broken. Le Beau Danube bleu de Johann Strauss. The term ‘modernism’ is used to describe a range of approaches across the arts, united in their sense of innovation rather than carrying the mantle of previous tradition. For example, tradition relied on the principles of harmonic progression, preparation and cadences to resolve harmonic tension. In order to examine Debussy’s musical techniques in more detail, let us focus on the first movement of ‘La mer.’ Entitled ‘De l’aube à midi sur la mer’ (‘From dawn to midday on the sea’), like much of the work, it creates a sense of frequently shifting tableaus as new motifs, themes and tonalities enter and exit, almost like a series of ‘waves’. Sa création eut lieu le 9 janvier 1904 par le pianiste Ricardo Viñes à la Salle Érard de la Société nationale de musique. In the context of modernism, ‘Prélude à l’aprés-midi d’un faune’ was the pioneering work, employing exotic scales, unprepared changes of tonality, and freedom of form 10 years before the completion of ‘La mer’. Il s'agit d'un triptyque de trois pièces assez courtes intitulées Pagodes, La soirée dans Grenade et Jardins sous la pluie1,2,3. TD���+�2�[�/����aJ���R�>5%� Claude Debussy est né à Saint-Germain-en-Laye le 22 août 1862 et mort à Paris le 25 mars 1918.Compositeur français lauréat du Prix de Rome, il est considéré comme le père de l’impressionnisme musical. Debussy was unusual for his time in his use of relatively small orchestral forces, but this allows for a particular clarity of instrumentation. Dialogue du Vent et de la Mer Year/Date of Composition Y/D of Comp. At each of these points of section change, tonality, instrumentation and rhythm shift markedly. (34 x 26,5 cm) BNF, Musique, Rés. ‘La mer’ should also be considered in the context of later works, for example Messaien’s ‘Turangalîla’ symphony. Claude Debuissy, par Jacques- Emile Blanche, 1903 l'Essai sur la vie et le style de Debussy La boîte à bijoux Esquisse pour les décors de Pelléas et Melisande, par Ottomar Starke, Munich, 1909 Chromaticism features too – note the motifs in thirds in the winds, violas and cellos in bars 60-63. Le petit Claude (qui s’appelle alors encore Achille-Claude) garde un souvenir saisissant de ce voyage sur la Côte d’Azur. He continued to work on the score, however, while staying in Jersey, and then in Dieppe. cuivres : 4 cors, 3 trompettes, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, 1 tuba. stream ICD 50 Movements/Sections Mov'ts/Sec's: 3 movements I. These tonalities are juxtaposed with a general lack of cadences and changes are sudden rather than prepared in any way, creating a harmonic language where the traditional tension-resolution mechanism of harmonic progression is rejected in favour of an alternative language. But the author Jean Barraqué (in “La Mer de Debussy,” Analyse musicale 12/3, June 1988,) describes La mer as the first work to have an “open” form – a devenir sonore or “sonorous becoming… a developmental process in which the very notions of exposition and development coexist in an uninterrupted burst.” LA MER (trois esquisses symphoniques) Claude DEBUSSY (1862-1918) Première esquisse : « De l’aube à midi sur la mer » (8’58) Ce morceau est relativement long. Use of accidentals to present other tonalities is widespread, but it is notable that Debussy chooses not to use an alternative key signature, for example at bar 72, where a 2-sharp key signature (the implied tonality is B dorian mode) could have been used until the next section begins at bar 84. %PDF-1.4 Le compositeur a toujours été fasciné par la mer que ce soit durant son enfance à Cannes ou après, à la vue de l'Atlantique et de la Manche. (b) To what extent can ‘La mer be regarded as an exemplar of musical modernism? 1903-05, rev. De l'aube a midi sur la mer II. Debussy’s orchestration is marked in its contrast of timbres. Messaien tended to control his structures more tightly, but, like Debussy, explored a range of exotic tonalities to create his own personal harmonic language. ‘La mer’ is one of the more complex examples of Debussy’s style, suggesting later developments: the harmonic innovations of later works make them “elusive to analysis.”. Today, however, this is a different story. In conclusion, it is clear that ‘La mer’ is an innovative large-scale work. Harmony often uses tension-resolution devices such as the cadence, but also has passages where tonality is made ambiguous through unexpected added notes and chromaticism. 1908 First Perf ormance. Thanks to Phdify team I finished my thesis in time! : La Mer de Debussy) 8) L'évocation d'un sentiment particulier suggéré dans l'oeuvre. Its slow introduction may have been inspired by Franck’s and D’Indy’s use of the device. Dialogue du vent et de la mer. This adds to the ambiguity: harmony is often implied, but rarely specifically defined. La vague, de Hokusai, que Debussy voulait sur la couverture de la partition. Le Beau Danube bleu de Strauss est la valse la plus célèbre et la plus emblématique, symbole d’une époque où cette danse était reine à Vienne. Debussy’s ‘La Mer’, written 1903-5, is an important work within the development of Western classical music because of the manner in which it lies outside musical conventions particularly in terms of form and harmony. Quand on y pense, rien ne me prédestine à la musique qui est une activité plutôt pratiquée dans le monde de la bourgeoisie. Analyse A Angie - The rolling stones - contribution de Coralie Armstrong - Claude… : Pelléas et Mélisande de Debussy) La coloration impressionniste (Ex. La Mer.Trois esquisses symphoniques de Debussy.Paris, Durand, 1905. Parmi ses œuvres marquantes, on trouve le Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune, La Mer (œuvres orchestrales), son Quatuor à cordes et de nombreuses œuvres pour piano … Trois esquisses symphoniques («De l’aube à midi sur la mer«, «Jeux de vagues «, « Dialogue du vent et de la mer «) de Claude Debussy (1862-1918), composées de 1903 à 1905, et exécutées à Paris en 1905. La Mer, três esboços sinfônicos" ou como é mais conhecida - "La Mer", é uma peça para orquestra composta por Claude Debussy. To my luck a good friend of my gave me this site, and I understood: this is my salvation! CD 111 ; L.109 I-Catalogue Number I-Cat. De l'aube a midi sur la mer II. Above all other aspects, it is Debussy’s approach to harmony that is fundamental to his style (hence a particular focus on that parameter in the discussions above), particularly when considered in the context of modernism. The harmony is distinctive. Subtitled ‘Trois esquisses symphonique’ (Three symphonic sketches), ‘La mer’ occupies an interesting position within the development of orchestral writing. La Mer s'articule autour de trois mouvements : Jeux de Vagues III. Il est donc souhaitable de l’étudier en plusieurs écoutes. Often performed in concert, it is … �ω��z���G9R�?G-zE�K�}PC/6� M�=������,�����_�N����i:=_m����ꗧ�/a����Z����w��,?��-������>e�TT���e����Z�BW+�肜H负���oEg��f�ӭ�H5� �Z�A��Q�w0Ϲ�Wa�F��Q����!����w�M?���?ng���k4.��m��j87l.��S^&�Rx�����8ЇO Buy dissertation on any other topic at our site. Info for Debussy: La Mer, Images. At one moment I felt an absolute despair to finish my thesis! The form is a simple ABA with a clear recapitulation of the exposition. Le sentiment de la mort (Ex. ‘La mer’ encapsulates this philosophy. (Dent, London), Lockspeiser, Edward (1966) Debussy: His life and mind Vol I (Cassell, London), Lockspeiser, Edward (1978) Debussy: His life and mind Vol II (revised) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), Weston, Richard (1996) Modernism (Phaidon, London). cordes pincées : … "La Mer" L.109, (The Sea), is an orchestral composition by Claude Debussy. No. If, however, the movement is analysed by its key signatures, 4 sections are evident: bars 1-30 (2 sharps) act as an introduction, bars 31-83 (5 flats) are a first section, bars 84-121 (2 flats) are a second section, bars 122 to the end at 141 (5 flats again) are a short final section or coda. I wrote some chapters by myself, but another chapters were moving on slowly! Claude Debussy’s La Mer (“The Sea”) is not a literal portrait of the ocean.There is no “program” or story, as we might hear in Beethoven’s “Pastoral” Symphony or a Strauss tone poem. É considerada a obra-prima do autor, que com ela revolucionou a maneira de compor e dispor dos elementos da orquestra em uma peça.No plano da harmonia, ela também foi revolucionária, já que ao fugir da tonalidade tradicional o autor criou um … MER (La). Jeux de Vagues III. : Requiem allemand de Brahms) Le caractère pastoral (Ex. Analyse: La Mer, les Préludes pour Piano, le Prélude à l'Après-Midi d'un Faune: orientations bibliographiques et discographiques: Chimènes Myriam Analyse: Le chef d'orchestre face à la Mer de Debussy: Streletski Gérard Analyse: Le projet du 1er congrès européen d'analyse musicale: AA. If ‘Prélude’ is modern, then so too is ‘La mer’, as it develops the innovative harmony, form and orchestration of the earlier work, using its principles in a larger form, focusing on freedom from tradition rather than adhering to it. In ‘Prelude à l’aprés-midi d’un faune’ (1892-4), Debussy’s approach to tonality and form has moved on. La Mer (Debussy) - Interpretation Interpretation La mer is a masterpiece of suggestion and subtlety in its rich depiction of the ocean, which combines unusual … La sobriété de la composition et la sévérité des teintes choisies par l'artiste exaltent à merveille l’intensité de l’expression du jeune lauréat : la maturité, la gravité un brin revêche et l’assurance à la fois mélancolique et hautaine qui se dessinent ici étonnent chez un jeune homme de vingt-trois ans. Intitulée par l’auteur La Mer, Trois esquisses symphoniques, l’œuvre se compose de trois mouvements : 1 – De l’aube à midi sur la mer (9 min) 2 – Jeux de vagues (7 min) 3 – Dialogues du vent et de la mer (7 min 30) Le deuxième mouvement Jeux de vagues est l’occasion pour Debussy d’évoquer les ‘La mer’ has three movements which loosely represent an ABA structure. Mes parents sont de petits commerçants qui ont des revenus modestes. In ‘Nuages’ (the first of the ‘Three Nocturnes’ 1892-9), there is pentatonicism in a theme introduced initially on flute and harp: the instrumentation and tonality create an exotic ‘eastern’ flavour, possibly inspired by the gamelan orchestras that appeared the Paris Exposition of 1889. The second movement is a scherzo, its mood contrasting with the more stately first and last movements. La mer de Debussy est un poème symphonique composé entre 1903 et 1905 qui comprend trois parties : de l'aube à midi sur la mer, jeux de vagues et dialogue du vent et de la mer.. C'est une oeuvre visionaire et originale. �5� ,�Ik���v�߃��HG "ᇁ��^����1{��)QBfatp'��5N�XU�N���g���^H�������RJH�,�UH|^������"����b.��|Y��}X"�����[�S�Ξ0�R���+T�a��J�v5�� �
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�����ٻ��NW?�ʭ�n���oV}7��l�,�Z�n�k5t}���������wV(��mOd���nU'�ݜ�K�}��;'E?��|�ޞ�NX;��϶'C'�6�6�۞��+����x Debussy was one of a number of composers who identified themselves strongly as French, and ‘La mer’ echoes Franck’s 3-movement symphonic model. Harmonic devices such as triads float in parallel movement, creating touches of colour with any sense of linear progression in the traditional harmonic sense lost. However, compared with the work of, say, Brahms, considered a master of the symphony, or the similarly-regarded Mahler (who wrote his Fifth, Sixth and Seventh symphonies in the first 5 years of the 20th century), Debussy’s loose structures, lack of precise repetition of themes and rejection of linear harmonic progression present a markedly different approach. Le 22 août 1862, à Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Elles semblent vouloir témoigner du surnom donné à Debussy par ses camarades du Conservatoire, le « Prince des Ténèbres …
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